Fiberstore optics, also called as optical fiber, it is a technology that allows light signal to travel along thin glass or plastic wires. These cables are typically bundled into fiber optic cable. This type of cable is mostly used in the telecommunication industry. And digital signal can be transmitted into light pluses that move along the length of the cables. The cables differs from length, feet to cross continents or oceans.
Fiber optic cable can be applied in telephone, the Internet, and the cable television. the fiber cable price is less expensive than copper cables. This kind of cables may run into homes or companies, but they are usually used for long distance communication. It has not been known to turn corners easily without losing signal strength, however, so it is used more often for straight, level distances. Fiber optic cable is made of many fiber optic cables, they are all bundled together.
As we know, there are two classifications for optical fiber, single-mode (SMF) and multimode (MMF). In SMF light signal follows a single path through the fiber while in MMF it takes multiple paths resulting in differential mode delay (DMD). SMF is used for long distance communication and MMF is used for distance of less than 300m. SMF has a narrower core (8.3μm) which need a more precise termination and connection method. MMF has a wider core (50 or 62.5μm). The advantage of MMF is that it can be driven by a low cost Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) for short distance, and multimode connectors are cheaper and easier to terminate reliable in the field. The advantage of SMF is that it can work over longer distance.
In the 802.3 standard reference is made to FDDI-grade MMF fiber. This has a 62.5 μm core and a minimum modal bandwidth of 160 MHz km at 850 nm, It was originally installed in the early 1990s for FDDI and 100BaseFX networks. The 802.3 standard also references ISO/IEC 11801 which specifies optical MMF fiber types OM1, OM2, OM3 and OM4. OM1 has a 62.5 μm core while the others have a 50 μm core. At 850 nm the minimum modal bandwidth of OM1 is 200 MHz km, of OM2 500 MHz km, of OM3 2000 MHz km and of OM4 4700 MHz km, FDDI-grade cable is now obsolete and new structured cabling installations use either OM3 or OM4 cabling. OM3 fiber optic cable can carry 10GbE 300 meters using low cost 10GBase-SR optics (OM4 can manage 400 meters).
To distinguish SMF from MMF cable, SMF cables are usually yellow, while MMF cables are orange (OM1 and OM2) or aqua (OM3 and OM4). However, in fiber optics there is no uniform color for any specific optical speed or technology with the exception being angular physical connector (APC), it being an agreed color of green. There are also active optical cables (AOC). These have the optical electronics already connected eliminating the connectors between the cable and the optical module. They plug into standard optical module sockets. They are lower cost than other optical solutions because the manufacturer can match the electronics to the required length and type of cable.
50/125 is one of the most commonly used multimode optical fiber; it has indoor and outdoor fiber optic cable two types. the other commonly used is 62.5/125 types. The 50 and 125 is measurement by the unit micron. One meter is equal to one million micron. There is a special kind 50/125 multimode fibers, which is called OM3 50/125. People usually refer 62.5/125 as the OM1 MMF, common type 50/125 MMF as OM2, OM3 is also 50/125, but it is different from OM2 because it support 10Gig data transmission. The OM3 50/125 fiber optic cable is also called laser optimized fiber cable. Both OM1 and OM2 multimode cables use the orange color jacket (standard practice for commonly used indoor multimode), OM3 use a special color, which is called Aqua.
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